{"id":977,"date":"2012-07-21T08:09:35","date_gmt":"2012-07-21T12:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/?p=977"},"modified":"2012-07-21T09:35:59","modified_gmt":"2012-07-21T13:35:59","slug":"federal-tax-outline-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/federal-tax-outline-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Federal Income Tax Outline &#8211; Page 2 &#8211; Gifts and Inheritances"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Exclusions of Gifts and Inheritances &#8211; 102<\/h1>\n<p>102(a) \u2013 Gross income does not include the value of property acquired by gift, bequest, devise, or inheritance<\/p>\n<h2>Employee Gifts \u2013 102(c), 274(b)<\/h2>\n<p>Generally all &#8220;gifts&#8221; from employer to employee must be counted as gross income<\/p>\n<p>Exceptions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Extraordinary transfers to the natural objects of an employer&#8217;s bounty\u2026if the employee can show that the transfer was not made in recognition of the employee&#8217;s employment.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Certain traditional retirement gifts (Section 132(e))<\/li>\n<li>Certain employee achievement awards (Section 74(c))<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cases:<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Commissioner v. Duberstein <\/em><\/strong><em>(1960) <\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>Duberstein was given a Cadillac by the president of another company after Duberstein provided him with names of potential customers; this qualified as a gift<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><em>Lyeth v. Hoey (1938)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>The beneficiary challenged the will and received money after a settlement; this money is not gross income because he received it based on his status as a beneficiary<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><em>Wolder v. Commissioner (1974)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>Wolder&#8217;s client bequeathed stock to him in return for providing legal services; &#8220;A transfer in the form of a bequest was the method that the parties chose to compensate<strong> <\/strong>Mr. Wolder for his legal services, and that transfer is therefore subject to taxation&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h1>Employee Benefits \u2013 132, 119<\/h1>\n<p><strong>132(a)(1)&amp;(2) \u2013 Certain Fringe Benefits<\/strong><br \/>\nNondiscrimination rule 132(j)(1) \u2013 may be made available tax-free to officers, owners, or highly compensated employees only if the benefits are also provided on substantially equal terms to other employees<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>If a classification of fringes is discriminatory, highly compensated employees have gross income, but the exclusion still applies to those employees who receive the benefit and are not highly compensated<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>132(c) \u2013 Qualified employee discount<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Property: Gross Profit Percentage: Aggregate sales price\/Aggregate cost<\/li>\n<li>Services: An employee discount is not taxed as long as it is less than 20% or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Review beginning of Chapter 4 for summary of 132(a) fringe benefits<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>119 \u2013 Meals or lodging furnished for the convenience of the employer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Section 119 grants an exclusion from gross income of lodging furnished to an employee if three conditions are met:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The lodging is on the business premises of the employer<\/li>\n<li>The employee is \u201crequired to accept such lodging as a condition of his employment<\/li>\n<li>The lodging is furnished for the convenience of the employer<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>119 does not recognize sole proprietorship<\/li>\n<li>119 does recognize a partnership<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Cases:<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><em>Herbert G. Hatt<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>President of a funeral home and lived there; the funeral business requires someone to be in attendance 24 hours a day, the business phone also rang in his apartment; excludable from GI<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h1>Prizes and Awards \u2013 74<\/h1>\n<p>Exception:<\/p>\n<p>Section 74(c) \u2013 an award may qualify if it relates to length of service or to safety \u2013 must be at least 4 years<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must be in the form of tangible personal, be awarded as part of a meaningful ceremony, and not be mere disguised compensation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Case:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><\/strong>Allen McDonell \u2013<\/em><em>sales manager went with his wife on a trip to Hawaii; he was a chaperone and the business sent him; not gross income<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Federal Income Tax Outline \u2013 Page 1  Gross Income\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/federal-tax-outline-1\/\">Federal Tax Outline &#8211; Page 1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Federal Income Tax Outline \u2013 Page 3 Property Gains, Life Insurance\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/federal-tax-outline-3\/\">Federal Tax Outline &#8211; Page 3<\/a><br \/>\nThis Federal Tax Outline is keyed to Fundamentals of Federal Income Taxation, 15 edition, Foundation Press.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?lt1=_blank&amp;bc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;fc1=000000&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;t=miblaw-20&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as4&amp;m=amazon&amp;f=ifr&amp;ref=ss_til&amp;asins=1599417006\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exclusions of Gifts and Inheritances &#8211; 102 102(a) \u2013 Gross income does not include the value of property acquired by gift, bequest, devise, or inheritance Employee Gifts \u2013 102(c), 274(b) Generally all &#8220;gifts&#8221; from employer to employee must be counted as gross income Exceptions: &#8220;Extraordinary transfers to the natural objects of an employer&#8217;s bounty\u2026if the &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/federal-tax-outline-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Federal Income Tax Outline &#8211; Page 2 &#8211; Gifts and Inheritances&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-federal-tax"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Federal Income Tax Outline - Page 2 - Gifts and Inheritances -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Outline for Fundamentals of Federal Income Taxation. 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