{"id":861,"date":"2012-05-06T22:19:33","date_gmt":"2012-05-07T02:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/?p=861"},"modified":"2012-07-21T10:30:13","modified_gmt":"2012-07-21T14:30:13","slug":"conspiracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/conspiracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Conspiracy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Conspiracy is the concerted effort or act of committing the crime. Conspiracy is a specific intent crime and the common law requires two parties for a conspiracy charge. Both parties must have the same mens rea<\/a> or “mutuality” (See State v. Hayes<\/a><\/em>). The common law does not require an over act or a step beyond preparation for the crime; however, it does require a showing of when the agreement (or implied agreement) was actually formed.<\/p>\n

Under conspiracy, a defendant can be held accountable for acts that exceed the defendant’s initial agreement. In Pinkerton v. United States<\/a>, the court held the defendant liable for acts of co-conspirators that occurred “in the furtherance” of the conspiracy. Under this standard, the court looks from the point of view of the conspiracy<\/em> and states that those acts which are “reasonably foreseeable consequences of the conspiratorial agreement<\/strong>.”<\/p>\n

Note: This standard is different from the natural and probable consequences doctrine under felony-murder which viewed forseeability from the perspective of the defendant.<\/p>\n

Defeat the purpose of the conspiracy<\/span><\/p>\n

Under the common law, a defendant could not abandon the original conspiracy. Once the defendant entered the conspiracy, he was stuck. However, the common law did allow a defendant to withdraw from the reasonably foreseeable consequences<\/em> (aka the Pinkerton<\/em><\/a> crimes). In order to withdraw from these consequences, the defendant had to notify the co-conspirators of his withdrawal and the withdrawal had to be completed within a reasonable amount of time so that the co-conspirators could also withdraw before the commission of the crime.<\/p>\n

MPC Conspiracy<\/span><\/p>\n

Under the MPC Section 5.03, both parties do not need the same mens rea (no mutuality required). Because conspiracy is a specific intent crime, the defendant can only be charged with conspiracy, attempt, or<\/em> solicitation. The state must choose one of the three.<\/p>\n

Under the MPC Section 5.03(6), renunciation must be presented as an affirmative defense if the defendant “thwarted the success of the conspiracy.” This could include calling law enforcement with a reasonable amount of time so that the co-conspirators could also withdraw. The MPC essentially rejects Pinkerton<\/em><\/a> because it allows the defendant to avoid the conspiracy charge as a whole instead of only avoiding the foreseeable consequences with an appropriate renunciation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

List of Specific Intent Crimes<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Conspiracy is the concerted effort or act of committing the crime. Conspiracy is a specific intent crime and the common law requires two parties for a conspiracy charge. Both parties must have the same mens rea or “mutuality” (See State v. Hayes). The common law does not require an over act or a step beyond … <\/p>\n

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