{"id":548,"date":"2011-08-17T00:12:32","date_gmt":"2011-08-17T04:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/?p=548"},"modified":"2011-08-17T00:13:21","modified_gmt":"2011-08-17T04:13:21","slug":"later-amendments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/later-amendments\/","title":{"rendered":"Later Amendments"},"content":{"rendered":"
Amendment 11\r\nThe Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any\r\nsuit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States\r\nby Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.\r\n\r\nAmendment 12\r\nThe Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for\r\nPresident and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant\r\nof the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person\r\nvoted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as\r\nVice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as\r\nPresident, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of\r\nvotes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to\r\nthe seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of\r\nthe Senate;\r\n\r\nThe President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of\r\nRepresentatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;\r\n\r\nThe person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the\r\nPresident, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors\r\nappointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having\r\nthe highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as\r\nPresident, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot,\r\nthe President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by\r\nstates, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this\r\npurpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and\r\na majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House\r\nof Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice\r\nshall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then\r\nthe Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other\r\nconstitutional disability of the President.\r\n\r\nThe person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the\r\nVice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors\r\nappointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers\r\non the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the\r\npurpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a\r\nmajority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person\r\nconstitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to\r\nthat of Vice-President of the United States.\r\n\r\nAmendment 13\r\n1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime\r\nwhereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United\r\nStates, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.\r\n\r\n2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate\r\nlegislation.\r\n\r\nAmendment 14\r\n1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the\r\njurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State\r\nwherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge\r\nthe privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any\r\nState deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of\r\nlaw; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the\r\nlaws.\r\n\r\n2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to\r\ntheir respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State,\r\nexcluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the\r\nchoice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States,\r\nRepresentatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or\r\nthe members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male\r\ninhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the\r\nUnited States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion,\r\nor other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the\r\nproportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole\r\nnumber of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.\r\n\r\n3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of\r\nPresident and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the\r\nUnited States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a\r\nmember of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of\r\nany State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to\r\nsupport the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in\r\ninsurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the\r\nenemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove\r\nsuch disability.\r\n\r\n4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law,\r\nincluding debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in\r\nsuppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the\r\nUnited States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred\r\nin aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for\r\nthe loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and\r\nclaims shall be held illegal and void.\r\n\r\n5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the\r\nprovisions of this article.\r\n\r\nAmendment 15\r\n1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or\r\nabridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or\r\nprevious condition of servitude.\r\n\r\n2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate\r\nlegislation.\r\n\r\nAmendment 16\r\nThe Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from\r\nwhatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and\r\nwithout regard to any census or enumeration.\r\n\r\nAmendment 17\r\nThe Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each\r\nState, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall\r\nhave one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications\r\nrequisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.\r\n\r\nWhen vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the\r\nexecutive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such\r\nvacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the\r\nexecutive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the\r\nvacancies by election as the legislature may direct.\r\n\r\nThis amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of\r\nany Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.\r\n\r\nAmendment 18\r\n1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale,\r\nor transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into,\r\nor the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to\r\nthe jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.\r\n\r\n2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce\r\nthis article by appropriate legislation.\r\n\r\n3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an\r\namendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as\r\nprovided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the\r\nsubmission hereof to the States by the Congress.\r\n\r\nAmendment 19\r\nThe right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or\r\nabridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\r\n\r\nCongress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.\r\n\r\nAmendment 20\r\n1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th\r\nday of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d\r\nday of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this\r\narticle had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then\r\nbegin.\r\n\r\n2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting\r\nshall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint\r\na different day.\r\n\r\n3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the\r\nPresident elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become\r\nPresident. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for\r\nthe beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to\r\nqualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President\r\nshall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein\r\nneither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified,\r\ndeclaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to\r\nact shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President\r\nor Vice President shall have qualified.\r\n\r\n4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the\r\npersons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever\r\nthe right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the\r\ndeath of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President\r\nwhenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.\r\n\r\n5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the\r\nratification of this article.\r\n\r\n6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an\r\namendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the\r\nseveral States within seven years from the date of its submission.\r\n\r\nAmendment 21\r\n1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States\r\nis hereby repealed.\r\n\r\n2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession\r\nof the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in\r\nviolation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.\r\n\r\n3. The article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an\r\namendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided\r\nin the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof\r\nto the States by the Congress.\r\n\r\nAmendment 22\r\n1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice,\r\nand no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for\r\nmore than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President\r\nshall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this\r\nArticle shall not apply to any person holding the office of President, when this\r\nArticle was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may\r\nbe holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term\r\nwithin which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of\r\nPresident or acting as President during the remainder of such term.\r\n\r\n2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an\r\namendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the\r\nseveral States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States\r\nby the Congress.\r\n\r\nAmendment 23\r\n1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall\r\nappoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of\r\nPresident and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and\r\nRepresentatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were\r\na State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in\r\naddition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for\r\nthe purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors\r\nappointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such\r\nduties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.\r\n\r\n2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate\r\nlegislation.\r\n\r\nAmendment 24\r\n1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other\r\nelection for President or Vice President, for electors for President or\r\nVice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be\r\ndenied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to\r\npay any poll tax or other tax.\r\n\r\n2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate\r\nlegislation.\r\n\r\nAmendment 25\r\n1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or\r\nresignation, the Vice President shall become President.\r\n\r\n2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the\r\nPresident shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon\r\nconfirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.\r\n\r\n3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate\r\nand the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he\r\nis unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he\r\ntransmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties\r\nshall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.\r\n\r\n4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers\r\nof the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law\r\nprovide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of\r\nthe House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is\r\nunable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President\r\nshall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting\r\nPresident.\r\n\r\nThereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the\r\nSenate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration\r\nthat no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office\r\nunless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of\r\nthe executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,\r\ntransmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the\r\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the\r\nPresident is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon\r\nCongress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty eight hours for that\r\npurpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty one days after\r\nreceipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session,\r\nwithin twenty one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by\r\ntwo thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the\r\npowers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge\r\nthe same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers\r\nand duties of his office.\r\n\r\nAmendment 26\r\n1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or\r\nolder, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any\r\nState on account of age.\r\n\r\n2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate\r\nlegislation.\r\n\r\nAmendment 27\r\nNo law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and\r\nRepresentatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall\r\nhave intervened.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Amendment 11 The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. Amendment 12 The Electors shall meet in their respective states, … <\/p>\n
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