{"id":527,"date":"2011-08-17T00:20:39","date_gmt":"2011-08-17T04:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/?p=527"},"modified":"2011-08-17T00:30:40","modified_gmt":"2011-08-17T04:30:40","slug":"article-1-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-1-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre>Section 1\r\nAll legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the\r\nUnited States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.\r\n\r\nSection 2\r\nThe House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second\r\nYear by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall\r\nhave the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of\r\nthe State Legislature.\r\n\r\nNo Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of\r\ntwenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who\r\nshall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be\r\nchosen.\r\n\r\nRepresentatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States\r\nwhich may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers,\r\nwhich shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons,\r\nincluding those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not\r\ntaxed, three fifths of all other Persons.\r\n\r\nThe actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting\r\nof the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten\r\nYears, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of\r\nRepresentatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State\r\nshall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be\r\nmade, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three,\r\nMassachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut\r\nfive, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland\r\nsix, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five and Georgia three.\r\n\r\nWhen vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive\r\nAuthority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.\r\n\r\nThe House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and\r\nshall have the sole Power of Impeachment.\r\n\r\nSection 3\r\nThe Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each\r\nState, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall\r\nhave one Vote.\r\n\r\nImmediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election,\r\nthey shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the\r\nSenators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second\r\nYear, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the\r\nthird Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be\r\nchosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise,\r\nduring the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may\r\nmake temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which\r\nshall then fill such Vacancies.\r\n\r\nNo person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty\r\nYears, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not,\r\nwhen elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.\r\n\r\nThe Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but\r\nshall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.\r\n\r\nThe Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore,\r\nin the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of\r\nPresident of the United States.\r\n\r\nThe Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for\r\nthat Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the\r\nUnited States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be\r\nconvicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.\r\n\r\nJudgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from\r\nOffice, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or\r\nProfit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be\r\nliable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to\r\nLaw.\r\n\r\nSection 4\r\nThe Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and\r\nRepresentatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;\r\nbut the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except\r\nas to the Place of Choosing Senators.\r\n\r\nThe Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall\r\nbe on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a\r\ndifferent Day.\r\n\r\nSection 5\r\nEach House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of\r\nits own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do\r\nBusiness; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be\r\nauthorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and\r\nunder such Penalties as each House may provide.\r\n\r\nEach House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for\r\ndisorderly Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member.\r\n\r\nEach House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time\r\npublish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require\r\nSecrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question\r\nshall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.\r\n\r\nNeither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of\r\nthe other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that\r\nin which the two Houses shall be sitting.\r\n\r\nSection 6\r\nThe Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their\r\nServices, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United\r\nStates. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the\r\nPeace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of\r\ntheir respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for\r\nany Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other\r\nPlace.\r\n\r\nNo Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected,\r\nbe appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which\r\nshall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased\r\nduring such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States,\r\nshall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.\r\n\r\nSection 7\r\nAll bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives;\r\nbut the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.\r\n\r\nEvery Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate,\r\nshall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United\r\nStates; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his\r\nObjections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the\r\nObjections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after\r\nsuch Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it\r\nshall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it\r\nshall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it\r\nshall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be\r\ndetermined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and\r\nagainst the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If\r\nany Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays\r\nexcepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law,\r\nin like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment\r\nprevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.\r\n\r\nEvery Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and\r\nHouse of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment)\r\nshall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same\r\nshall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall\r\nbe repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according\r\nto the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.\r\n\r\nSection 8\r\nThe Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and\r\nExcises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general\r\nWelfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be\r\nuniform throughout the United States;\r\n\r\nTo borrow money on the credit of the United States;\r\n\r\nTo regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and\r\nwith the Indian Tribes;\r\n\r\nTo establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject\r\nof Bankruptcies throughout the United States;\r\n\r\nTo coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the\r\nStandard of Weights and Measures;\r\n\r\nTo provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin\r\nof the United States;\r\n\r\nTo establish Post Offices and Post Roads;\r\n\r\nTo promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited\r\nTimes to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings\r\nand Discoveries;\r\n\r\nTo constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;\r\n\r\nTo define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and\r\nOffenses against the Law of Nations;\r\n\r\nTo declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning\r\nCaptures on Land and Water;\r\n\r\nTo raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be\r\nfor a longer Term than two Years;\r\n\r\nTo provide and maintain a Navy;\r\n\r\nTo make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;\r\n\r\nTo provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union,\r\nsuppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;\r\n\r\nTo provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for\r\ngoverning such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United\r\nStates, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers,\r\nand the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline\r\nprescribed by Congress;\r\n\r\nTo exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District\r\n(not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and\r\nthe acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United\r\nStates, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent\r\nof the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of\r\nForts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; And\r\n\r\nTo make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into\r\nExecution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this\r\nConstitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or\r\nOfficer thereof.\r\n\r\nSection 9\r\nThe Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing\r\nshall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to\r\nthe Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed\r\non such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.\r\n\r\nThe privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when\r\nin Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.\r\n\r\nNo Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.\r\n\r\nNo capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the\r\nCensus or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.\r\n\r\nNo Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.\r\n\r\nNo Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the\r\nPorts of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from,\r\none State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.\r\n\r\nNo Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations\r\nmade by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and\r\nExpenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.\r\n\r\nNo Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person\r\nholding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of\r\nthe Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind\r\nwhatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State.\r\n\r\nSection 10\r\nNo State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters\r\nof Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but\r\ngold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder,\r\nex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any\r\nTitle of Nobility.\r\n\r\nNo State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties\r\non Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing\r\nits inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by\r\nany State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the\r\nUnited States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control\r\nof the Congress.\r\n\r\nNo State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage, keep\r\nTroops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact\r\nwith another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually\r\ninvaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.<\/pre>\n<p><a title=\"Article 1\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-1-constitution\/\">Article 1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Article 2\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-2-constitution\/\">Article 2<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Article 3\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-3-constitution\/\">Article 3<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Article 4\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-4-constitution\/\">Article 4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Article 5\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-5-constitution\/\">Article 5<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Article 6\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-6-constitution\/\">Article 6<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Article 7\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-7-constitution\/\">Article 7<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Bill of Rights\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/bill-of-rights\/\">Bill of Rights<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Later Amendments\" href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/later-amendments\/\">Later Amendments<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Section 1 All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2 The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.miblaw.com\/lawschool\/article-1-constitution\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Article 1&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[135],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Article 1 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Article 1 of the United States Constitution. 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